Features of sexual reproduction: Period between birth and sexual maturity is called juvenile phase. It is known as vegetative phase in plant. Bamboo species flower only once in their life time generally after 50-100 yr. Strobilanthus kunthiana (neelakranji) flowers once in 12 years. Oestrus cycle: cyclical changes during reproduction in non-primate mammal like cows, sheep, rats, deers, dogs, tiger etc. Menstrual cycle: cyclical changes during reproduction in primate mammals like monkeys, ape, and humans. Seasonal breeders: reproductive cycle takes place in favourable seasons as in wild animals. Continuous breeders: reproductively active throughout their reproductive phase. Pre-fertilization events: Process of gamete formation is gametogenesis. Two gametes are similar in appearance are called homogametes (isogametes). Gametes produced are of two morphologically distinct types called heterogametes. Male gamete is called antherozoids or sperm and the female gamete is called ovum or egg.
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